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| Brandywine tomato in my greenhouse this summer could have been even better if I had grown it grafted on to a hardy root stock. |
Everyone who has eaten a store
bought tomato has eaten a grafted tomato.
I have been humbled. My garden wisdom suddenly seems feeble,
lacking and inadequate. After 30 years of reading, writing and speaking about
gardening I found out there was a huge whole in my brain bank.
I found out about grafted tomato plants last week, and after
hearing loads of testimonials, life for
me, as a gardener and tomato grower has changed forever. I found out why
grafted tomatoes are not the weird Franken-food I had considered them. I found out they are better in every way than seed started heirlooms or even the latest hybrids.
So just as I finish eating this summer’s harvest, I am
already planning for big changes in my garden next year. And I am excited about
it.
What are grafted tomatoes? Well, just like grafted apples or
pears different tomatoes are now pieced together. Yes, two distinctly different plants with
different features are cut and connected.
One plant is grown for its hardy vigorous disease resistant
roots. The other plant is grown because of its luscious, delicious fruit. Maybe
your favourite tomato is the super sweet Sungold cherry tomato or maybe it is the always
reliable heirloom Brandywine.
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| Sungold tomatoes are super sweet. They could produce more fruit if they were grafted. |
Either way the fruits and the roots no longer need to be the same. We can combine what we like to eat with all the benefits of hardy tomato genes from the wild. The top
of a grafted plant can be anything. Preferably it is something you have grown
and loved. The bottom of a grafted
plant is turbo-charged, frost resistant, disease fighting and drought tolerant.
Grafted roots are not susceptible to
disease so they are huge compared to seed started plants. And bigger roots mean bigger
top-growth and – yes- more tomatoes.
Over 3,000 different types of tomatoes are grown today but many
of them came from the same or closely related parents. That is a lot of
inbreeding.
Think of past royal families in Europe. Weren't Queen Victoria and her close Austrian relatives Hemophilic? Think of specialized dog breeds. You have to be careful your labrador has good hips or watch out for high vet bills. When the gene pool is limited weakness follows. Now think of heirloom tomatoes. We have to baby them just to get
5 fruits per plant.
With inbreeding, it doesn’t matter if you are a royal or
a dog or a tomato. Disease builds up and weak traits multiply. With tomatoes the roots are susceptible to disease and are smaller;
fewer fruits are formed and plants are feeble. Its no surprise. We have been
breeding from the same few original plants for 200 years.
I had 5-7 fruits per plant on my heirloom Brandywine
tomatoes this year. That’s normal, said John Bagnasco , of Garden Life, a large
California-based online store, who spoke at the Garden Writing Association Annual General meeting in Tuscon last week . Graft old varieties on to a new genetic stock
and suddenly you get 50 instead of 5 tomatoes.
Grafting is done by people or by robots. The idea is to grow,
cut and match-up two different tomato plants preferably when they are very
small. Ideally growers combine an old favourite with a newly discovered hardier
plant. Favourite fruits on hardy roots.
Over a billion plants are grafted annually. Most large
commercial farms work only with grafted tomatoes because they produce so much
more fruit. They are so common. I am guessing everyone who has eaten a commercial
tomato has eaten a grafted tomato. But we don’t want to grow those bland
commercial tomatoes in our home gardens – so why am I yacking about grafted
tomatoes? Because growers are now producing many of our favorite home varieties
on sturdy roots and they are producing more fruit than ever because they are grafted.
Grafted plants are not glued or tied the way woody plants
like apples and pears are. Instead, a small plastic tab holds the two pieces of
plant together and they are kept in the dark and in 100% humidity for three
days. After a week the grafted plants are back on the greenhouse shelf among
friends.
Have you felt like a failure when you have tried to grow
tomatoes? Here’s a tip:
Don’t buy seed started tomatoes from me or anyone else at
the farmer’s market. Instead, seek out and buy your favourite tomatoes grafted
onto a hardier, disease resistant root. Or better yet, see for yourself by trying
one grafted heirloom like Brandywine next to a seed started plant of the same
kind.
A new variety of tomato found in the wilds of Mexico is
being tested for its frost and drought hardiness right now. Yes- you’ve heard
right.
In the future we may not need to water or worry as much about cold
weather when we grow tomatoes. This is not because of hybridization or weird
GMO breeding. This is because hardier stock, found in the wild, is replacing
shop-worn inbred varieties in the soil while we continue to enjoy our
favorite types of tomatoes grafted to the hardy roots.
Don’t be the last to grow these fabulous new tomatoes. I
understand Superstore sold out in one day last year, so I am not taking any
chances. I am ordering early from a wholesaler. I am also on the list to get the latest greatest roots from John before spring fever hits and I start buying all kinds of crazy seed.
Next spring I will get as much fruit from one plant as I
normally get from 10. My only problem is - what am I going to do with all the empty garden space?
